Historical Party

The Federalists coalesced around Alexander Hamilton and the ratification of the Constitution, favoring a strong central government...

Founded around 1791-1793 by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in opposition to Hamiltonian finance, the Democratic-Republicans ch...

The Whigs united National Republicans, anti-Masonic men, and state rights dissenters under a name borrowed from British constituti...

Founded in 1901 from a merger of dissident groups, the Socialist Party reached roughly one hundred thousand members and twelve hun...

Ross Perot ran in 1992 on deficit reduction and opposition to NAFTA, taking 18.9 percent, the best non-major result since 1912. Th...

Denied the 1912 Republican nomination by William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt bolted and formed the Progressive Party, which me...

The Liberals formed in 1859 from Whigs, Radicals, and Peelites, and governed through the age of reform: Gladstone education and Ir...

The SDP launched in 1981 when Roy Jenkins, Shirley Williams, David Owen, and Bill Rodgers left Labour, judging it captured by the ...

The NSDAP grew from the German Workers Party, which Hitler took over in 1919-1920, fusing racial antisemitism, virulent nationalis...

The CPSU descended from the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, becoming the Communist Party under Le...

The Bolsheviks emerged from the 1903 split of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, the hard line faction of Lenin against t...

The Kadets, Constitutional Democrats, formed in October 1905 during the first revolution, uniting zemstvo liberals and professiona...

The Socialist Revolutionaries united the narodnik heritage of peasant socialism, terrorism against Tsarist officials, and land soc...

The PCI founded at Livorno in 1921 from the PSI left, survived Fascism in prison and exile, and returned in 1944 to win a third of...

The DPJ unified opposition forces in 1998, growing through LDP fatigue to a 2007 upper house win and the landmark 2009 landslide t...