ZANU-PF
The Zimbabwean liberation party of Robert Mugabe, governing since independence in 1980.
Overview
ZANU of Mugabe and ZAPU of Nkomo fought the Rhodesian regime from the 1960s, ZANU with Chinese backing from Mozambique. The 1979 Lancaster House settlement brought 1980 independence under ZANU, which crushed ZIPRA opposition in Matabeleland in the 1980s Gukurahundi before merging with ZAPU in 1987 as ZANU-PF. One party dominance eroded as the economy collapsed under land reform seizures from 2000, hyperinflation, and 2017 military coup that replaced Mugabe with Emmerson Mnangagwa. The party has held every election since independence, combining liberation credentials, security service power, and patronage, the paradigm case of liberation movement entrenchment.
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