GroenLinks
The Dutch green party, founded in 1990 from four left parties, now fused with Labour.
Overview
GroenLinks united the Communist Party, Pacifist Socialist Party, Political Party Radicals, and Evangelical People Party in 1990, an heir of the whole Dutch new left. Under Paul Rosenmoller and Femke Halsema it professionalized; under Jesse Klaver, the 2017 Green surge, it polled twelve percent. The party governs Amsterdam, Utrecht, and other cities, and fused with Labour as one parliamentary list in 2023 under Frans Timmermans. Its politics join climate transition, refugee welcome, and EU federalism. The merger represents the first full fusion of a green and social democratic party at national level in Europe.
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